Ikhonsathi, insimbi yomculo yohlanga lwamahhala (free-read), iyindalo yesimanjemanje endaweni yezinsimbi zomdabu, nokho inomlando onothile obonakala ngokusungula izinto ezintsha nokuhlanganiswa kwamasiko. Uhambo lwayo ukusuka ekusungulweni kuya ekudumeni okusabalele lugqamisa ubuhlakani babadali bayo nezindlela ezahlukahlukene eye yamukelwa ngayo abaculi emhlabeni wonke.
Ukudalwa Kwekhonsathi
Ikhonsathini yasungulwa uCharles Wheatstone, usosayensi oyiNgisi, nomsunguli, ngo-1829. U-Wheatstone, owaziwa ngomsebenzi wakhe we-acoustics kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwe-telegraph, wagunyaza ithuluzi ngo-1844. Ikhonsathini yakhiwa ngesikhathi sentokozo esikhulu ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwemsindo futhi bekuyingxenye yenkambiso ebanzi yokuthuthukisa amathuluzi anomhlanga (free-read), okuhlanganisa i-accordion ne-harmonium.
Ikhonsathi ye-Wheatstone yayine-hexagonal futhi ifaka uchungechunge lwezinkinobho kuzo zombili iziphetho. Lapho lezi zinkinobho zicindezelwa, zazivula ama-valve ayevumela umoya ukuba ugeleze phezu kwemihlanga, ekhiqiza amanothi omculo. Idizayini ibihlangene futhi iyaphatheka, obekuyihlukanisa kwezinye izinsimbi ezisuselwe kukhibhodi yangaleso sikhathi.
Ukwakhiwa kanye nezinguquko
Ngemva kokusungulwa kuka-Wheatstone, ikhonsathi yashintsha ngokushesha yaba izinhlobo eziningana ezihlukene, ngayinye inezici ezihlukile ezifanele izitayela zomculo ezahlukene kanye nokuthandwayo kwesifunda.
I-English Concertina
Umklamo wokuqala we-Wheatstone waziwa ngokuthi i-English concertina. Yayiyichromatic ngokugcwele futhi ifaka isakhiwo esishintshanisa amanothi phakathi kwezandla ezimbili, okuvumela imiculo eyinkimbinkimbi nokuvumelana. Ikhonsathi yesiNgisi yaduma kuzilungiselelo zomculo we-classical kanye ne-parlor, yathandwa ngenxa yamakhono ayo acacile kanye nejika lokufunda elilula kulabo abajwayele izinsimbi zekhibhodi.
I-Anglo Concertina
Cishe ngaso leso sikhathi, kwavela enye inguqulo ebizwa ngokuthi i-Anglo concertina. Lokhu okuhlukile kwathuthukiswa eJalimane futhi kwakusekelwe esikalini se-diatonic, okusho ukuthi kwakudlala amanothi ahlukene ekuphusheni nasekudonseni isifutho. Ikhonsathi ye-Anglo yaduma kakhulu emculweni wesintu e-Ireland nase-England ngenxa yamakhono ayo esigqi kanye nomsindo ogqamile, ophilayo eyawukhiqiza.
I-Duet Concertina
Ikhonsathi ye-Duet, eyathuthukiswa kamuva ngekhulu le-19, yayihloselwe ukuhlanganisa ukuguquguquka kwe-chromatic kwekhonsathi yesiNgisi kalula nokudlala izingoma ezitholakala ekhonsathini ye-Anglo. Amasistimu ahlukahlukene, njengamakhonsathi e-duet kaMcCann, Jeffries, kanye ne-Crane, adalwe, ngalinye linezakhiwo ezihlukile zezinkinobho neminwe. Lezi zinsimbi bezithandwa abadlali ababodwa abebedinga ukudlala umculo nokuhambisana ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Umthelela Wamasiko Nodumo
Ikhonsathi ithole indawo ekhethekile emasikweni ahlukahlukene omculo emhlabeni jikelele. Ukuphatheka kwayo nomsindo oyingqayizivele kuyenze yaba nokuthandwa okukhulu ezinhlotsheni eziningi.
Umculo Wesintu
E-Ireland, ikhonsathi ye-Anglo yaba isisekelo somculo wendabuko wase-Ireland, ovame ukusetshenziswa kumashuni omdanso nama-ballads. Ikhono layo lokudlala ngokushesha, iziqephu ezinesigqi lenze yaba intandokazi kubaculi bomdabu. Ngokufanayo, eNgilandi, yayisetshenziswa kakhulu kuMorris dancing kanye nemijondolo yasolwandle, iba uphawu lokuzijabulisa kwesigaba sabasebenzi.
Umculo Wakudala Nobuciko
Ikhonsathi yesiNgisi yathola indawo yayo emculweni wakudala kanye nemibuthano yomculo wobuciko. Abaqambi abafana noSir Charles Villiers Stanford kanye noPercy Grainger babhalele leli thuluzi, futhi lalivame ukuvezwa emculweni we-salon ngesikhathi sama-Victorian. Ububanzi bayo obucacile buvumele ukusebenza okuhlukile kwakho kokubili izingcezu zakudala ezilula kanye nezingoma ezibucayi kakhulu.
Ithonya Lomhlaba Wonke
Ikhonsathi nayo yadlulela ngalé kweYurophu. Yaba yingxenye ebalulekile yomculo waseNingizimu Afrika, ikakhulukazi e-Boeremusiek, lapho wawusetshenziswa emculweni womdanso wasemakhaya. E-Mexico, ithuluzi libe negalelo ekuthuthukisweni kwezitayela zesifunda zendabuko ezifana ne-conjunto ne-norteño, ukuhlangana nezinye izinsimbi ukudala umsindo ohlukile.
Ukwenqaba Nokuvuselela
Ukuduma kwekhonsathi kwancipha ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 njengoba kuvela izitayela ezintsha zomculo nezinsimbi. Kodwa-ke, ukunyakaza kwemvuselelo yabantu maphakathi nekhulu lama-20 kuphinde kwavela intshisekelo emculweni wendabuko nezinsimbi, okuhlanganisa nekhonsathini. Namuhla, yaziswa abathandi bomdabu, abaculi bomlando bomculo, nabaqoqi. Abaculi besimanje bayaqhubeka nokuhlola amakhono ayo, baqinisekisa ukuthi ikhonsathini ihlala iyingxenye ephilayo yendawo yomculo.
Umlando wekhonsathi uwubufakazi bokukhanga okuhlala njalo kokuqanjwa kabusha komculo nokushintshisana ngamasiko. Kusukela ekusungulweni kwayo ngekhulu le-19 eNgilandi kuya ekusetshenzisweni kwayo ngamasiko ahlukahlukene omculo emhlabeni wonke, ikhonsathini ibonakale iyithuluzi elisebenza ngezindlela eziningi nelithandwayo. Umsindo wayo oyingqayizivele kanye nomlando ocebile uyaqhubeka nokugqugquzela abaculi nezethameli ngokufanayo, ulondolozela izizukulwane ezizayo ifa lawo.
: Ukuqamba Okusha, kanye Nethonya Lamasiko){kind=link}